The Korean Association for the Study of English Language and Linguistics

Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics - Vol. 23

[ Article ]
Korea Journal of English Language and Linguistics - Vol. 23, No. 0, pp. 587-609
Abbreviation: KASELL
ISSN: 1598-1398 (Print) 2586-7474 (Online)
Received 13 Jul 2023 Revised 18 Jul 2023 Accepted 26 Jul 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15738/kjell.23..202307.586

3~4학년군 영어 문자 언어 지도에 관한 초등교사의 인식과 경험 및 관련 요인 탐구
한은옥 ; 안경자

Exploring Korean elementary teachers’ perceptions, experiences, and related factors of teaching written English for 3rd and 4th graders
Eunok Han ; Kyungja Ahn
(1st author) Teacher, Seoul Haengrim Elementary School Tel: 02-523-1352 E-mail: (catbus99@sen.es.kr)
(corresponding author) Professor, Dept. of English Education, Seoul National University of Education Tel: 02-3475-2565 E-mail: (kjahn@snue.ac.kr)

© 2023 KASELL All rights reserved
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate Korean elementary school teachers’ perceptions, experiences, and the factors related to teaching written English (reading and writing) for 3rd and 4th graders through a mixed-methods approach. A survey was conducted with 255 elementary school teachers, and in-depth interviews were also conducted with 8 participants. The data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The findings are as follows: (1) Teachers tend to prioritize spoken language over written language in teaching English for 3rd and 4th graders. (2) They reported using textbooks extensively in teaching written English, but they revealed difficulties teaching different levels of students in the classroom. (3) Teachers’ schooling, teacher education, and classroom teaching experiences influenced their perceptions and instructional practices of teaching reading and writing. In particular, the context-dependent and discontinuous nature of elementary teachers’ English instruction and the lack of professional development opportunities hindered teacher development in written language instruction. In order to develop English learners’ literacy skills emphasized in the revised national curriculum, it is necessary to support English teachers in raising their awareness of teaching written language and enhancing their expertise in written English instruction. Further important implications regarding teaching English literacy skills and English teachers’ professional development are discussed.


Keywords: teaching English written language, teaching English reading and writing, literacy skills instruction, elementary school teachers, second language teacher education

Acknowledgments

This paper is based on the first author s master s thesis.


References
1. 고경희(Ko, K.). 2005. 초등영어 담당교사제도의 발전적 방향: 교과전담제와 학급담임제(Which system to pursue for a more effective primary school English teaching: The specialist teacher system). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 11-1, 5-31.
2. 교육부(Ministry of Education). 2022. 영어과 교육과정(English National Curriculum). 세종: 교육부(Sejong: Ministry of Education).
3. 권서경 · 김태은(Kwon, S-K. and T-E. Kim). 2021. 영어 학습부진 발생 원인과 과정 탐색을 위한 종단 연구(The factors and processes of becoming an underachiever in learning English: A longitudinal case study). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 27-3, 45-79.
4. 김경혜 · 안경자(Kim, K. and K. Ahn). 2021. 영어과 교사연수에 관한 초등영어 교사의 경험 및 인식(Elementary English teachers’ experiences and perceptions of English teacher training programs). ≪영어학≫(Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics) 21-9, 981-1003.
5. 김도연 · 안경자(Kim, D. and K. Ahn). 2018. 초등학교 영어전담교사 희망 및 기피 요인과 영어전담교사 제도의 개선방안(Factors for and against becoming an elementary English subject teacher and suggestions for the English subject teaching system). ≪한국초등교육≫(The Journal of Korea Elementary Education) 29-3, 19-40.
6. 김영민(Kim, Y-M.). 2019. 초등영어 교과서에 제시된 초기 읽기․쓰기 활동(An analysis of reading and writing activities in 3rd and 4th elementary English textbooks of 2015 revised curriculum). ≪교사교육연구≫(Teacher Education Research) 58-4, 439-452.
7. 김유민 · 김혜리(Kim, Y. M. and H-R. Kim). 2019. 학급 담임교사가 지도하는 초등영어수업에 대한 교사의 인식 및 제언(A study on teachers’ perceptions and suggestions for primary school English classes by homeroom teachers). ≪한국초등교육≫(The Journal of Korea Elementary Education) 30-4, 41-62.
8. 김은주(Kim, E. J.). 2022. 중등학교 읽기부진학생지도를 위한 교사의 영어 읽기 지식과 인식(Teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of English reading comprehension and instruction for struggling readers in secondary schools). ≪외국어교육연구≫(Studies in Foreign Language Education) 36-4, 179-206.
9. 김은형(Kim, E.). 2017. 초등영어 문자언어 수업에 대한 교사인식 및 재구성 실태분석(An analysis of teachers' perception of curriculum reconfiguration and changes made to reading and writing lessons in English Class) [석사학위논문](Master’s thesis). 대구교육대학교, 대구.
10. 김준근(Kim, J. G.). 2013. 교육이론과 실천: 초등학교 영어부진아의 이해와 지도방안(Features and Practical Ways of Underachievers in Elementary School English). <<교육이론과 실천>>(Educational Theory) 23, 3-28.
11. 김진아 · 김태은(Kim, J. A. and T-E. Kim). 2018. 초등영어 교사의 영미 아동 문학에 대한 인식 및 활용 실태(Exploring English teachers’ perceptions and utilization of children’s literature in Korean elementary schools). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 24-2, 73-100.
12. 김혜련(Kim, H-R.). 2018. 2015 개정 초등 3, 4학년 영어 검정 교과서의 문자언어 학습내용 비교 분석(A comparative analysis of the written language contents in third and fourth grade elementary English textbooks developed for the 2015 revised national curriculum). ≪영어교육연구≫(English Language Teaching) 30-3. 99-120.
13. 김혜리(Kim, H-R.). 2011. □초등영어 읽기쓰기 지도□(Primary English Reading and Writing Instruction). 파주, 경기도: 교육과학사(Kyoyuk Book).
14. 노원경 · 박선화 · 장경숙(Noh, W., S. Park. & K-S. Chang). 2016. 일반고 학습부진학생 교수학습 지원 방안(Ⅰ): 수학, 영어 교과를 중심으로(Research on Educational Support for General High School Low Achievers with Reference to Math and English Subjects(I)). 서울: 한국교육과정평가원(Seoul: Korea Institution for Curriculum and Evaluation).
15. 박기오(Park, G.). 2019. [초등영어교육] 담임이 맡는 영어 교과 시대에 대비하기(Preparing for English classes in charge of homeroom teachers). Available online at http://blog.naver.com/bsgyo/221589853909
16. 박선호(Park, S-H.). 2017. 영어회화 전문강사 제도에 관한 초등학교 기본연수 강사들의 인식 연구(A study on the introduction of English conversation specialists into elementary schools through the voices of the teacher trainers). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 16-2, 157-184.
17. 배주경(Pae, J-K.). 2020. 2015 개정 영어과 교육과정 운영 실태에 대한 교사 인식 분석: 초등학교 3∼4학년군을 중심으로(An analysis of teachers’ perception on the implementation of the 2015 reviesed English curriculum: Focusing on elementary school Grades 3-4). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 26-3, 81-103.
18. 서미옥 · 이재근(Seo, M. and J. Lee). 2017. 초등학교 영어 읽기 교육에 대한 교사의 인식 조사 및 개선 방향(An analysis of teachers’ recognition of English reading education in elementary education). ≪학습자중심교과교육연구≫(Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction) 17-20, 421-445.
19. 안경자(Ahn, K.). 2015. 영어교육에 게재된 교사 교육 관련 연구 분석(An analysis of articles on teacher education in English Teaching). ≪영어교육≫(English Teaching) 70-5, 161-192.
20. 엄훈(Um, H.). 2012. □학교 속의 문맹자들□(Illiterate individuals in Schools). 서울: 우리교육(Seoul: Woori Education).
21. 윤경진 · 이재근(Yoon, K. and J. Lee). 2017. 초등학교 영어교육에서 파닉스 지도에 관한 교사 인식 조사와 개선 방향(An analysis of teacher’s recognition for phonics improvement in elementary English education). ≪학습자중심교과교육연구≫(Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction) 17-9, 515-540.
22. 이도연 · 임희정(Lee, D. Y. and H. Ihm). 2020. 초등학교 영어교과전담제 운영 실태 연구(A study of management of the English teacher system for elementary schools). ≪한국초등교육≫(The Journal of Korea Elementary Education) 32-3, 37-52.
23. 이선 · 강성우(Lee, S. and Kang, S.). 2021. 초등영어 읽기·쓰기 수업에 대한 교사들의 인식(A study on primary teachers’ perceptions about English literacy education). ≪영어영문학연구≫(The Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature), 63-3, 345-369.
24. 이완기(Lee, W. K.). 2014. 초등 영어 학습부진아의 발생 요인과 대책(An investigation into the low achievers of primary English learning: Causes and countermeasures). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 20-1, 5-27.
25. 이윤(Lee, Y.). 2006. 초등영어 읽기 지도를 위한 교사의 전문성(The primary school teachers’ professionalism for reading instruction). ≪외국어교육≫(Studies in Foreign Language Education) 13-4, 271-297.
26. 이윤(Lee, Y.). 2008. 초등영어 읽기수업에서 교사의 음성언어 지원과 교수 방법(Teaching techniques and oral support of teachers for reading in primary English classrooms). ≪외국어교육≫(Studies in Foreign Language Education) 15-3, 287-314.
27. 임수연(Yim, S. Y.). 2020. 초등영어과 교육과정 성취기준의 변천사(History of revisions of the achievement standards in English national curricula).≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 26-4, 249-271.
28. 진경애 · 정채관(Jin, K-A. and C-K. Jung). 2020. 초등학교 3학년 학생들의 영어 선행학습 실태 연구(Exploring Korean elementary school students’ prior learning of English before 3rd grade). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 26-1, 83-107.
29. 최선희 · 홍선호(Choi, S-H. and S-H. Hong). 2008. 초등영어 문자언어 교육의 쟁점과 개선방향(A comprehensive review of issues related to primary written English education and suggestions for future directions). ≪영어영문학 연구≫(The Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature) 34-4, 215-236.
30. 최신형(Choi, S. H.). 2022. 애플리케이션과 플랫폼을 활용한 초등영어 읽기․쓰기 학습에 대한 초등학교 교사 인식과 실태 분석 및 개선방안(An analysis of elementary school teachers’ perceptions and utilization status on elementary English, reading and writing, using applications and platforms producing improvement plans). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 28-1, 169-194.
31. 최원경(Choi, W). 2019. 초등영어교육 연구 논문의 변천: 코퍼스 기반 분석(A corpus-based analysis on primary English education research for the past 20 years). <<한국콘텐츠학회논문지>>(The Journal of the Korea Contents Association) 19-2, 11-21
32. 최희경(Choi, H.). 2013. 초등영어 읽기 교육에 대한 교사와 학생들의 인식 연구(A study on the perceptions of teachers and students on English reading education in elementary schools). ≪초등영어교육≫(Primary English Education) 19-4, 249-278.
33. Borg, S. 2003. Teacher cognition in language teaching: A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe, and do. Language Teaching 36(2), 81-109.
34. Borg. S. 2006. Teacher cognition in literacy instruction. In S. Borg, ed., Teacher Cognition and Language Education: Research and Practice, 135-166. London: Continuum.
35. Clay, M. M. 2016. An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement (4th ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Heinemann.
36. Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
37. DeFord, D. E. 1985. Validating the construct of theoretical orientation in reading instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 351-367.
38. Florio‐Ruane, S., and T. J. Lensmire, 1990. Transforming future teachers’ ideas about writing instruction. Journal of Curriculum Studies 22(3), 277-289.
39. Grisham, D. L. 2000. Connecting theoretical conceptions of reading to practice: A longitudinal study of primary school teachers. Reading Psychology 21(2), 145-170.
40. Huberman, M. 1989. The professional life cycle of teachers. Teachers College Record 9(1), 31-57
41. Johnson, K. E. 1992. The relationship between teachers’ beliefs and practices during literacy instruction for non-native speakers of English. Journal of Reading Behavior 24-1, 83-108.
42. Lenski, S. D., M. A. Wham. and D. C. Griffey. 1998. Literacy orientation survey: A survey to clarify teachers’ beliefs and practices. Literacy Research and Instruction 37(3), 217-236.
43. McCarthey, S. J. 1992. The teacher, the author, and the text: Variations in form and content of writing conferences. Journal of Reading Behavior 24(1), 51-82.
44. Morrison, T. G., B. Wilcox, J. L. Madrigal, S. Roberts. and E. Hintze, 1999. Teachers' theoretical orientations toward reading and pupil control ideology: A national survey. Literacy Research and Instruction 38(4), 333-350.
45. Mosenthal, J. H. 1995. Change in two teachers’ conceptions of math or writing instruction after in-service training. The Elementary School Journal 95(3), 263-277.
46. Muchmore, J. A. 2001. The story of "Anna": A life history study of the literacy beliefs and teaching practices of an urban high school English teacher. Teacher Education Quarterly 28(3), 89-110.
47. Neuman, S. B., and D. K. Dickinson. 2011. Handbook of Early Literacy Research. New York: The Guilford Press.
48. Nunan, D. and K. M. Bailey. 2009. Exploring Second Language Classroom Research: A Comprehensive Guide. Boston: Heinle.
49. Poulson, L., E. Avramidis,, R. Fox, J. Medwell. and D. Wray. 2001. The theoretical beliefs of effective teachers of literacy in primary schools: An exploratory study of orientations to reading and writing. Research Papers in Education 16(3), 271-292.
50. Stanovich, K. E. 1986. Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. Reading Research Quarterly 21(4), 360-407.
51. Tsui, A. 1996. Learning how to teach ESL writing. In D. Freeman and J. Richards, eds., Teacher learning in language teaching, 97-119. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
52. Westwood, P., B. A. Knight. and E. Redden. 2002. Assessing teachers’ beliefs about literacy acquisition: The development of the teachers’ beliefs about literacy questionnaire (TBALQ). Journal of Research in Reading 20(3), 224-235.
53. Wing, L. A. 1989. The influence of preschool teachers' beliefs on young children's conceptions of reading and writing. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 4(1), 61-74.
54. Wray, D. 1988. The impact of psycholinguistic theories on trainee-teachers’ views of the teaching of reading. Journal of Reading Education 14(1), 24-35.